Cholesterol is a waxy STEROID METABOTILE found in the CELL MEMBRANCES and transported in the BLOOD PLASMA of all animals It is an essential structural component of mammalian cell membranes, where it is required to establish proper membrane permeability and fluidity . In addition, cholesterol is an important component for the menufacture of bile acids, steriod hormones, and vitamin D . Cholesterol is the principal sterol synthesized by animals, but small quantities are synthesized in other eukaryotes, such as plants and fungi . It is almost completely absent among prokaryotes , which include bacteria. Although cholesterol is an important and necessary molecule for animals, a high level of serum cholesterol is an indicator for diseases such as HEART DISEASE.
The name cholesterol originates from the GREEK chole- (BILE) and stereos (solid), and the CHEMICAL SUFFIX -ol for an alcohol, as François Poulletier de la Salle first identified cholesterol in solid form in Gallstones, in 1769. However, it was only in 1815 that chemist EUGENE CHEYREUL named the compound "cholesterine".
LDL and HDL
According to the LIPID HYPOTHESIS, abnormal cholesterol levels (HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA)—that is, higher concentrations of LDL and lower concentrations of functional HDL—are strongly associated with CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE because these promote ATHEROMA development in arteries . This disease process leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (heart attack),STROKE, and PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE . Since higher blood LDL, especially higher LDL particle concentrations and smaller LDL particle size, contribute to this process more than the cholesterol content of the LDL particles, LDL particles are often termed "bad cholesterol" because they have been linked to atheroma formation. On the other hand, high concentrations of functional HDL, which can remove cholesterol from cells and atheroma, offer protection and are sometimes referred to as "good cholesterol". These balances are mostly genetically determined but can be changed by body build, MEDICATIONS , food choices, and other factors.
You can avoid this risk by changing your Life style, exercise and food habits.
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